{"id":1870,"date":"2017-02-02T12:19:25","date_gmt":"2017-02-02T12:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gardenadvice.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1870"},"modified":"2025-03-25T12:16:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T12:16:09","slug":"gardenadvice-hotbeds-for-early-season-vegetable-and-salad-crops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardenadvice.co.uk\/newsandarticles\/gardenadvice-hotbeds-for-early-season-vegetable-and-salad-crops\/","title":{"rendered":"GardenAdvice hotbeds for early season vegetable and salad crops"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fill with horse manure and fertiliser<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cover with soil and compost <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sow with Salad leave etc and cover with clear plastic to hold in the heat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to Create a Small Hotbed in Your Garden for Early Veg and Salad Crops<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Creating a hotbed in your garden is a fantastic late winter project that pays off with early season salad crops and, later in the year, a rich source of organic matter. Essentially, a hotbed acts like a mini heated greenhouse, using natural bacterial activity to warm the soil and air\u2014ideal for giving young plants a head start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What Is a Hotbed?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A hotbed is a raised bed that generates its own heat through the decomposition of organic material, typically fresh horse manure mixed with straw. As bacteria break down the woody and nitrogen-rich matter, they release heat. By enclosing this setup, you trap the warmth, creating an environment suitable for growing tender crops well before the weather warms up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hotbeds have a long tradition, dating back to the Victorian and Edwardian eras, where they were widely used in kitchen gardens. Gardeners of the time would create hotbeds beneath cold frames to grow out-of-season vegetables and fruits\u2014including winter salads and even early strawberries\u2014long before heated greenhouses became common. It\u2019s a classic, low-tech technique that\u2019s still just as effective today.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Materials You\u2019ll Need:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Timber or pallets to build a raised box (around 1\u20131.2m square is ideal for small gardens)
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Fresh horse manure, ideally with lots of straw and urine (this provides both the bulk and nitrates)
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Straw or additional carbon-rich material if needed
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • General-purpose organic fertiliser such as Growmore or blood, fish & bone
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Good quality topsoil or compost for the growing layer
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Clear plastic or a cold frame lid to trap heat and protect seedlings
    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Step-by-Step: Building Your Hotbed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    1. Choose the Right Spot<\/strong>
    <\/strong> Select a sunny, sheltered location that gets maximum daylight in winter and early spring. The more light your hotbed receives, the better it will perform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Build the Box<\/strong>
    <\/strong> Construct a simple box using reclaimed wood, pallets, or even straw bales. Aim for about 60\u201390cm deep, so there\u2019s enough depth to generate heat and still have room for a growing layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. Add the Heat Source<\/strong>
    <\/strong> Fill the bottom third of the box with fresh horse manure that includes lots of straw and urine. This material is key: the straw provides carbon, and the urine adds nitrates, which fuels the bacterial breakdown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Add Fertiliser<\/strong>
    <\/strong> Sprinkle a little organic fertiliser over the top of the manure layer. This helps ensure the crops above will have adequate nutrients during their early growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. Cap with Soil or Compost<\/strong>
    <\/strong> Add a layer of good-quality topsoil or compost about 15\u201320cm thick. This is your planting layer, so it needs to be fine, rich, and crumbly. Once covered, water well and sow your seeds or plant out your seedlings. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    7. Cover the Hotbed<\/strong>
    <\/strong> Place a cold frame, clear plastic sheeting, or even an old window frame over the top. This traps heat and protects seedlings from frost, wind, and rain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8. Wait, Then Plant<\/strong>
    <\/strong> After 3\u20135 days, the temperature of the hotbed will start to rise . Wait until it stabilises around 18\u201324\u00b0C in the planting layer if it gets to hot water to cool it down Example of crops you can grow are <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Lettuce
      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Rocket
      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Spinach
      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Radishes
      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Spring onions
      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Pak choi
      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Crop Rotation in the Hotbed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Once you\u2019ve harvested the first flush of salad crops, your hotbed still has a lot to offer. As the heat gently fades, the environment becomes ideal for growing warm-season crops like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Courgettes<\/strong>
        <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Pumpkins<\/strong>
        <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Squash<\/strong>
        <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Cucumbers<\/strong>
        <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        These plants benefit from the nutrient-rich base and warmth still coming from the decomposing manure. Their large leaves also help shade the bed, reducing weed growth and retaining moisture\u2014making good use of the hotbed right through summer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Using the Composted Manure<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        By autumn, the manure at the bottom of the hotbed will have broken down significantly. You can dig this out and spread it over your main vegetable plot as a fantastic soil conditioner. It\u2019ll be rich, crumbly, and full of organic matter, giving your soil a boost ahead of winter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Then, you can restart the process\u2014add fresh strawy manure, layer it up, and prepare for the next season\u2019s crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Growing Strawberries for Christmas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        One lesser-known benefit of hotbeds is their potential for off-season strawberry production. We\u2019re always trying to grow strawberries for Christmas\u2014and hotbeds make that possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Here\u2019s how:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • In September<\/strong>, pot up some healthy strawberry plants (day-neutral or everbearing varieties work best).
          <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Keep them growing and healthy in pots until December<\/strong>.
          <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • When you restart your hotbed in early winter<\/strong>, place the strawberry pots directly onto the warm growing layer inside the hotbed and cover them with a cold frame or cloche.
          <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • With a bit of care and luck, you\u2019ll get strawberries for Christmas\u2014or at least very early in the new year.
          <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Hotbeds are a powerful, sustainable tool for early and extended growing. They help you kickstart your season, get an extra crop mid-year, and finish by giving you a great supply of compost. Inspired by the ingenuity of Victorian and Edwardian gardeners, hotbeds remain a smart, low-cost way to heat your soil naturally\u2014and a great way to get more from your garden all year round.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Fill with horse manure and fertiliser Cover with soil and compost Sow with Salad leave etc and cover with clear plastic to hold in the heat How to Create a Small Hotbed in Your...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-head-gardener"],"yoast_head":"\nGardenAdvice hotbeds for early season vegetable and salad crops – GardenAdvice.co.uk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gardenadvice.co.uk\/newsandarticles\/gardenadvice-hotbeds-for-early-season-vegetable-and-salad-crops\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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