Composting your garden leaves in the autumn

Raking up the leaves in your garden is an annual task that, with some planning, can create excellent compost—especially if you have acid-loving plants. Turning fallen leaves into compost not only recycles valuable nutrients but also improves your garden’s soil structure and fertility.
Whether you’re creating compost from leaf mould or other organic materials, the same guidelines apply. One effective method to build a compost heap or clamp is by using four old builder’s pallets: one for the base and three for the sides, leaving the front open. This setup allows you to easily rake leaves directly into the compost heap.
As you begin adding leaves, sprinkle in some Growmore fertiliser and garden lime. A good rule of thumb is a handful of each per approximately eight builder’s wheelbarrows full of leaves. The garden lime is particularly beneficial when composting acidic leaves, such as those from oak trees, as it helps to neutralise the acidity.
Alternatively, if space is limited or you prefer a more contained method, you can compost leaves in black bin liners. Fill the bags with leaves, adding a handful of garden lime if you’re using oak or other acidic leaves to counteract their acidic nature. Moisten the leaves slightly, tie the bags loosely to allow some air circulation, and puncture a few holes in the sides. Store the bags in a shady spot, and over time, the leaves will break down into rich leaf mould.
Once your compost heap is full, adding some weight on top—such as a couple of building blocks—will help compress the leaves and speed up decomposition. During winter, covering the heap with old carpet can help retain heat, keeping the compost warm and aiding the breakdown of leaves during the colder months.
It’s important to maintain the right moisture level in your compost heap. The leaves should be damp but not waterlogged; when you squeeze a handful, only a few drops of water should appear. This moisture level encourages the microbial activity necessary for efficient decomposition.
Keep in mind that some leaves, such as beech and oak, decompose more slowly and are best composted separately from faster-decomposing leaves like lime and alder. By composting them on their own, you can better manage their longer decomposition time and still benefit from the rich compost they eventually produce.
By following these steps, you can turn the annual task of raking leaves into an opportunity to enrich your garden, reduce waste, and promote a healthier ecosystem right in your backyard.