Ponds – The essential ingredient for wildlife in the garden
Developing a Pond in Your Garden to Encourage Wildlife
Most gardeners aim to encourage wildlife into their gardens, not only for the environmental benefits but also as a fantastic method for organic pest control. Many of the birds and animals attracted to your pond will also feed on common garden pests like the slugs on your Hostas. Ponds are particularly perfect for attracting frogs, toads, and especially newts. Indeed, wildlife gardening without a pond is akin to playing football without a goal.
Ponds can range from a small pool of water to a modest lake, but any water feature in your garden is beneficial to wildlife. It also provides a peaceful haven for you, filled with the sights and sounds of reflections, water, and birdsong.
Key Considerations When Planning Your Pond
Location
Choose a location that avoids being directly beneath trees to minimise leaf fall into the pond. Ideally, the pond should face the southwest and be near tall plant growth to provide shade and cover. Mark out the position of your pond using string, a hosepipe, or line marker spray to visualise its placement.
Digging
Digging is an inevitable part of pond construction. Ensure you are satisfied with the pond’s position before you start, as repositioning can be labour-intensive. A wildlife pond should have shallow edges, sloping down to a depth of at least 60 cm to provide a safe habitat for various creatures.
Pond Liner
Invest in a quality pond liner. This will simplify the installation process and extend the pond’s lifespan. Many quality liners come with guarantees. Consult with an expert before purchasing to select the best liner suited to your needs.
No Fish
Avoid introducing fish if you want to attract wildlife. Fish can eat insects before other species have a chance to establish themselves and their waste can deteriorate water quality.
Water Quality
Use rainwater whenever possible to maintain your pond. Collect water in a water butt to reduce the need for tap water top-ups. If algae becomes a problem, add oxygenating plants. You might also consider using a filter or a pump to help oxygenate the water.
Safety
Always supervise young children around a pond. If safety is a concern, cover the pond with securely fastened wire netting.
Additional Tips for Developing Your Pond
Pond Size and Shape
While the size of your pond can vary, even a small pond can support a variety of wildlife. The shape can also be flexible; irregular shapes often look more natural and can provide diverse habitats within the pond.
Edging and Margins
Create gradual slopes rather than steep sides to make it easier for wildlife to access and leave the water. Plant a variety of native plants around the pond’s edges to provide shelter and breeding areas for creatures.
Creating Habitats
Include a variety of habitats within your pond, such as logs, rocks, and aquatic plants. These features offer shelter and breeding grounds for wildlife. Aquatic plants are essential for maintaining water quality and providing oxygen.
Maintenance
Regular maintenance is crucial to keep your pond healthy. Remove dead plant material and debris to prevent water quality issues. Monitor the pond’s health and address any problems promptly.
Seasonal Considerations
Consider the seasonal changes in your garden and how they will affect your pond. Ensure that the pond is deep enough to prevent freezing solid in winter and that there are shaded areas to keep the water cool in summer.
Creating a pond in your garden is a rewarding project that brings environmental benefits and enhances your garden’s beauty and tranquillity. By planning carefully and considering the needs of wildlife, you can develop a pond that supports a thriving ecosystem.
